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Review Papers | Medicine | India | Volume 12 Issue 10, October 2023 | Popularity: 5.5 / 10

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Caring for Breath: Navigating the Challenges of Ventilator - Associated Pneumonia Prevention and Management

Boompelli Srimukhi, Praneeth Ulavala, Susan Christina Palvai, V. Mahesh

Abstract: Ventilator - Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a grave concern in intensive care units (ICUs), posing a significant threat to patients already dealing with critical health conditions. This comprehensive review aims to explore the intricate landscape of VAP, shedding light on the prevailing challenges in its prevention and management while emphasising the need for a holistic approach. The literature surveyed in this review uncovers a wealth of research detailing the multifaceted connections between VAP and its risk factors, mechanisms, and impact on patient outcomes. VAP, a type of hospital - acquired pneumonia, occurs due to the invasive nature of mechanical ventilation. It is often associated with microbial colonisation of the respiratory tract and leads to severe complications, including prolonged ICU stays and increased mortality. In the ensuing discussion, we delve deeper into the strategies for VAP prevention, highlighting the importance of meticulous infection control practices and patient - specific interventions. Ventilator bundle strategies, comprising various measures such as oral care, head - of - bed elevation, and subglottic suctioning, play a pivotal role in mitigating VAP risk. Antibiotic stewardship and the judicious use of prophylactic antibiotics are critical in curbing VAP - associated antibiotic resistance. The management of established VAP cases is equally vital, and this article explores the approaches that encompass early diagnosis, empirical antibiotic treatment, and source control. The limitations and controversies in VAP management are also addressed, underscoring the need for tailored approaches based on microbial profiles and patient characteristics. In conclusion, this review underscores the importance of a multifaceted approach to VAP prevention and management in ICUs. As VAP remains a significant threat to critically ill patients, healthcare providers must combine infection control measures with vigilant care practices to mitigate its impact. Collaboration among multidisciplinary teams, including pulmonologists, intensivists, and infection control specialists, is essential to ensure comprehensive care for VAP - affected patients. In the ever - evolving landscape of critical care, the ongoing research into VAP prevention and management holds promise, with emerging technologies, advanced diagnostics, and novel antimicrobial therapies offering hope for improved patient outcomes. It is crucial to remain committed to the ongoing battle against VAP, continually refining our strategies to minimise its burden in ICU settings.

Keywords: Ventilator - Associated Pneumonia, ICU, Infection Control, Antibiotic Stewardship

Edition: Volume 12 Issue 10, October 2023

Pages: 1891 - 1893

DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.21275/MR231025204604

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