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Research Paper | Dermatology | India | Volume 12 Issue 3, March 2023 | Popularity: 5.1 / 10

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Leprosy in the 21st Century - An Evaluation of Clinical Spectrum and Histopathological Correlation of Leprosy in Tertiary Care Hospital in Karnataka

Dr. Preetham H S, Dr. Chethan Kumar, Dr. Sugareddy

Abstract: Background: Leprosy (Hansen's disease), a communicable disease still continue to be a social stigma and leading cause of permanent physical disability. It is classified into 5 groups based on Ridley Hopping classification. However a great variation has been observed in interpretation of histopathological examination of skin biopsies and clinical presentation of disease. Objectives: To correlate clinical diagnosis with histopathological diagnosis of Leprosy patients in Tertiary Care Hospital. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted from January 2020 to November 2021 in Tertiary Care Hospital on 50 untreated clinically suspected case of Leprosy classified as per Ridley Jopling classification. Skin biopsies were taken from active lesion in all patients and were stained with H&E stain and Fire feraco stain for identification of M. leprae, Slit smears were done to study bacillary index. Statistical Analysis: Descriptive analysis was done in form of percentage or proportion. Results: In this study 50 cases of Leprosy diagnosed as per Ridley Jopling clinical classification were evaluated histopathologically, most of the cases were seen in young adult males and between 20 - 30 years, majority of cases presented with erythematous lesion (26 cases, 52%) and 16 cases (32%) presented with hypopigmented lesion. Multiple skin lesions and multiple nerve involvement were commonly seen in lepromatous spectrum. BT Hansen was the most common type (19 cases, 38%) clinically and histopathologically. Overall correlation seen in 42 cases. Conclusion: As clinical diagnosis of early Leprosy lesions are difficult due to lack of cardinal signs hence biopsy should be done in all cases in order to improve classification and treatment.

Keywords: Hansen's Disease, Borderline Tuberculoid Leprosy, Fite Feraco Stain, Ridley Jopling

Edition: Volume 12 Issue 3, March 2023

Pages: 575 - 581

DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.21275/MR23313120145

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