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Research Paper | Obstetrics and Gynecology | India | Volume 14 Issue 2, February 2025 | Popularity: 5.2 / 10
Fetomaternal Outcome of Placental Abruption at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Maharashtra
Dr. Megha Shah, Dr. Sai Borawake, Dr. Vidyadhar Bangal, Dr. Parikshit Jondhale
Abstract: Placental abruption, a significant obstetric complication, leads to both maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. It involves the premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, causing hemorrhage before the fetus is delivered. While the global incidence of placental abruption is approximately 1%, it rises to as high as 5% in India. The exact cause remains unclear, but various risk factors have been identified, including gestational hypertension, multiple gestation, advanced maternal age, chorioamnionitis, premature rupture of membranes, polyhydramnios, thrombophilia, trauma, and maternal smoking. Aim: To study the Fetomaternal outcome of Placental Abruption. Material and methods: This retrospective cross - sectional study, conducted at Dr. Vitthalrao Vikhe Patil Pravara Rural Hospital, Loni, from April to October 2024, focused on patients with placental abruption after 28 weeks of gestation. The study included 54 cases of abruption from 5787 deliveries (0.93%). Data on patient history, risk factors, clinical course, mode of delivery, and complications such as shock, DIC, and postpartum hemorrhage were collected. Maternal outcomes were analyzed based on ICU stay duration and complications. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 21. Results: This study, conducted between April and October 2024, reviewed 54 cases of placental abruption out of 5787 deliveries, making up 0.93% of total cases. Most affected women were in the 21 - 24 years and ?30 years age groups, with 44.4% being primigravida. Additionally, 66.6% of women were unbooked, and pregnancy - induced hypertension and pre - eclampsia were the leading risk factors, present in 42.59% of cases. Cesarean section was performed in 51.85% of cases, while vaginal delivery occurred in 48.14%. Postpartum hemorrhage was the most common complication, and only one case required an obstetric hysterectomy. Most patients (90.7%) were treated in the wards, with 9.3% requiring ICU care. In terms of fetal outcomes, 50% experienced intrauterine death, while 35.18% had live births. Conclusion: Placental abruption is a serious complication with various risk factors, though its occurrence is often unpredictable. Early identification through proper antenatal care can help mitigate risks. Timely management, especially in tertiary care centers, and appropriate use of blood products can reduce maternal morbidity and mortality. Perinatal mortality is often due to intrauterine fetal demise and preterm delivery, but with improved neonatal care, survival rates for preterm infants have significantly increased.
Keywords: Placental abruption, Maternal complications, fetal outcomes, risk factors, pregnancy complications
Edition: Volume 14 Issue 2, February 2025
Pages: 877 - 879
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.21275/MR25215221006
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