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Review Papers | Medicine | Brazil | Volume 11 Issue 11, November 2022 | Popularity: 5 / 10

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Literature Review: Emphysematous Pyelonephritis and Your Pathophysiological Mechanisms

Diego Bezerra Soares, Isabela Reis Manzoli, Gabriele Pereira dos Reis, Lohraine Talia Domingues, Enzo Henrique Oliveira Zanatta, Rodolfo Pereira Bezerra, Matheus Heitor Souza Tecchio, Igor Antonio de Macedo Almeida, Rosangela Silva Heinzen, Khadyja Vythoria W. de O. Fares, Sabrina Teixeira Callegari, Matheus Platini de Souza, Thais Rockenbach Gaona Lenzi

Abstract: Introduction: Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare and potentially fatal infectious disease caused in 80% of the cases by the bacteria Escherichia coli and Klebsiella sp. which mainly affects the renal parenchyma, collecting system and perirenal tissue. Furthermore, this pathology can be characterized as an aggressive bacterial invasion leading to important systemic changes, accumulation of air in the upper regions of the urinary tract and even tissue necrosis. Objective: Due to the high morbidity and mortality of this disease, the objective of this work is to characterize the pathophysiological mechanisms and promote a clinical approach to emphysematous pyelonephritis. Methodology: The research consists of a retrospective literature review, with the objective of elucidating the aspects involved in the pathogenicity of emphysematous pyelonephritis. For that, the Pubmed, Medline and SciELO databases were used. Results: From this study, it was possible to observe that bacteria, when invading the upper urinary tract, begin to trigger a metabolic process of glucose fermentation with production of carbon dioxide and other gases, implying the presence of air in the renal parenchyma causing strong compression of the structures. Blood pressure and impairment of functions, which may trigger necrosis. Conclusion: In summary, this study is important for a pathophysiological approach to emphysematous pyelonephritis and adequate clinical investigation aiming at a more accurate and early diagnosis, therefore, an optimization of the therapeutic plan as well as a better quality of life for the patient.

Keywords: Urinary Tract Infection, Pathophysiological Mechanisms, Emphysematous Pyelonephritis

Edition: Volume 11 Issue 11, November 2022

Pages: 675 - 679

DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.21275/SR22601211620

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