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Research Paper | Public Health | India | Volume 13 Issue 6, June 2024 | Popularity: 4.7 / 10

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Leprosy: A Comprehensive Review of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Public Health Challenges

Taarah Chandiok

Abstract: Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease primarily caused by Mycobacterium leprae and less frequently by Mycobacterium lepromatosis. The disease predominantly affects the skin and peripheral nerves, leading to characteristic lesions and potential disabilities if untreated. This narrative review provides a detailed analysis of leprosy's epidemiology, causative organisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic strategies, and treatment options. Despite the significant global decline in prevalence due to multi - drug therapy (MDT), leprosy remains a pressing public health issue, with approximately 200, 000 new cases detected annually. The global burden is concentrated in endemic regions, particularly Southeast Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Stigma and misconceptions surrounding leprosy continue to delay diagnosis and treatment, exacerbating the disease's impact on affected individuals. The review highlights the pivotal role of the World Health Organization (WHO) and global health strategies in reducing transmission and promoting early diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, the review explores the challenges of drug resistance, the critical need for improved surveillance, and the socio - economic factors perpetuating the disease. Rehabilitation and social support programs are also discussed as essential components in addressing stigma and improving patients' quality of life. While considerable progress has been made in reducing leprosy prevalence globally, sustained efforts are required to eliminate the disease entirely. This review aims to consolidate current knowledge to guide future research, inform policymakers, and shape effective public health interventions.

Keywords: leprosy, Hansen's disease, treatment, stigma, WHO

Edition: Volume 13 Issue 6, June 2024

Pages: 659 - 668

DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.21275/SR24607111745

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