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Review Papers | Chemistry | India | Volume 13 Issue 7, July 2024 | Popularity: 4.9 / 10

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Synthesis of Nanoparticles via Clemmensen Reduction: Methodology, Characterization, and Applications

Madhu Kumari Gupta

Abstract: Nanoparticles synthesized via Clemmensen reduction offer unique properties and versatile applications across various fields. This review explores the synthesis methodologies, characterization techniques, and broad spectrum of applications of these nanoparticles. The Clemmensen reduction, originally devised for organic synthesis, involves converting carbonyl groups into methylene groups using amalgamated zinc in an acidic environment. This method has been adapted for nanoparticle synthesis by adjusting parameters such as temperature, pressure, solvent choice, and catalyst concentration. Variations of the Clemmensen reduction have been explored to enhance selectivity and yield, allowing for tailored nanoparticle properties. Characterization techniques such as Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X - ray Diffraction (XRD), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV - Visible spectroscopy provide insights into the morphology, crystallinity, and surface chemistry of Clemmensen - reduced nanoparticles. Factors influencing nanoparticle properties include reaction conditions and the use of stabilizing agents or surfactants, which dictate size, shape, and stability. Applications span biomedical, catalytic, and electronic fields. In biomedicine, nanoparticles are employed for drug delivery, imaging, and therapeutic purposes, leveraging their small size for targeted delivery and reduced systemic toxicity. Catalytically, these nanoparticles exhibit high efficiency in organic transformations and hydrogenation reactions. In electronic applications, their semiconductor properties and light absorption capabilities are crucial for sensors, photovoltaic devices, and LEDs. Challenges such as scalability, reproducibility, and environmental impact persist, prompting ongoing research into greener synthesis routes and improved integration into practical applications. In conclusion, Clemmensen - reduced nanoparticles represent a promising class of nanomaterials with wide - ranging applications. By refining synthesis methods and characterization techniques, these nanoparticles continue to drive technological advancements and address current societal challenges effectively.

Keywords: methylene group, optical, surfactants, hydrogenation, bioimaging, biosensing

Edition: Volume 13 Issue 7, July 2024

Pages: 513 - 517

DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.21275/SR24708174620

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