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Analysis Study Research Paper | Paediatrics | India | Volume 13 Issue 7, July 2024 | Rating: 3.2 / 10
Serum Cholesterol Levels in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome and Association to Different Patterns of Disease
Shaifalika Thakur [2] | Manish Kumar [38]
Abstract: Background: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is a common kidney disorder in children, marked by significant proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia. Hyperlipidemia, specifically elevated serum cholesterol levels, is noteworthy for its role in disease progression and related complications. Understanding serum cholesterol variations across different NS patterns is essential for optimizing treatment and improving patient outcomes. Methods: A single - center, observational, analytical cross - sectional study was conducted at Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (IGIMS) from July 2022 to July 2024. Children aged 1 - 14 years diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome were recruited from both inpatient and outpatient departments. The sample size was determined to be 369, based on a 60% prevalence rate of metabolic bone disease in NS, with a 95% confidence level and a 5% allowable error. A total of 370 patients were included. Data on age, disease pattern, and serum cholesterol levels were collected. Blood samples were analyzed for serum cholesterol, UP ratio, albumin, and proteinuria. Statistical analysis was performed using non - parametric tests due to the non - normal distribution of serum cholesterol levels. Results: The mean age of participants was 6.02 ? 3.33 years. The distribution of disease patterns was: first episode (39.2%), first relapse (18.3%), IFRNS (15.3%), and FRNS (27.2%). The overall mean serum cholesterol level was 469.62 ? 144.82 mg/dL. Mean serum cholesterol levels were 460.99 ? 142.96 mg/dL in the first episode group, 488.21 ? 140.11 mg/dL in the first relapse group, 449.73 ? 157.64 mg/dL in the IFRNS group, and 478.33 ? 143.08 mg/dL in the FRNS group. No significant differences in serum cholesterol levels were found between the groups (?2 = 4.964, p = 0.174). Conclusions: Hypercholesterolemia is prevalent in children with nephrotic syndrome across all disease patterns. The lack of significant variation in serum cholesterol levels between different patterns of NS suggests that lipid abnormalities are a common feature irrespective of the disease pattern. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms underlying lipid abnormalities to develop tailored treatment strategies.
Keywords: nephrotic syndrome, Vitamin D, Cholesterol, Pediatric nephrotic syndrome
Edition: Volume 13 Issue 7, July 2024,
Pages: 1105 - 1108