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Research Paper | Computer Science | India | Volume 14 Issue 1, January 2025 | Popularity: 7 / 10
The Pros and Cons of 32-bit Operating Systems vs. 64-bit Operating Systems
Dr. Ashok Jahagirdar
Abstract: This research paper explores the distinctions between 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems, focusing on their advantages, limitations, and appropriate use cases. By analysing their architecture, memory management, performance, and compatibility, this research paper provides a comprehensive guide for users, developers, and organizations in selecting the right operating system for their needs. The transition from 32-bit to 64-bit operating systems represents a pivotal shift in the evolution of computing technology. This paper explores the architectural differences between the two, focusing on how these distinctions influence memory management, processing capabilities, and overall system performance. A 32-bit operating system, limited to addressing a maximum of 4 GB of RAM, is suitable for lightweight and legacy applications, offering resource efficiency and compatibility with older hardware. However, it struggles to meet the demands of modern, memory-intensive tasks. In contrast, 64-bit operating systems, with their ability to handle vast memory spaces and perform advanced calculations more efficiently, are designed to support contemporary applications such as high-definition gaming, scientific simulations, and complex data processing. The benefits of 64-bit systems extend beyond raw performance, including enhanced security features like better implementation of Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) and support for larger file systems. Despite these advantages, 64-bit systems pose challenges in compatibility with legacy software and demand more resources, making them less ideal for low-power or embedded systems. This paper examines the trade-offs between the two architectures, highlighting real-world use cases and scenarios where one may be preferred over the other. It also considers future trends, including the declining relevance of 32-bit systems and the growing dominance of 64-bit environments in personal, enterprise, and industrial computing. By delving into these aspects, the paper aims to provide a comprehensive guide to understanding and choosing between 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems based on specific requirements and technological contexts.
Keywords: 32-bit operating systems, 64-bit operating systems, Operating system architecture, Processor compatibility, Memory addressing, performance comparison, Application support, Backward compatibility, System limitations
Edition: Volume 14 Issue 1, January 2025
Pages: 694 - 700
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.21275/SR25114132010
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