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Review Papers | Ophthalmology | India | Volume 14 Issue 4, April 2025 | Popularity: 4.3 / 10
Thyroid Eye Disease: A Comprehensive Review
Dr. Mohan Kumar, Dr. Sangeetha Raja, Dr. Praveen Kumar, Dr. Pranav Kumar
Abstract: Thyroid Eye Disease (TED), also known as thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) or Graves? orbitopathy, is the most common orbital inflammatory disease associated with thyroid dysfunction. It predominantly affects individuals with Graves' disease but can also occur in hypothyroidism and euthyroid states. The disease manifests as orbital inflammation, proptosis, extraocular muscle dysfunction, and vision-threatening complications. This review discusses the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic approaches, and recent advancements in treatment modalities for TED.
Keywords: Thyroid Eye Disease, Graves? Orbitopathy, Autoimmune Disorder, Proptosis, Teprotumumab
Edition: Volume 14 Issue 4, April 2025
Pages: 319 - 321
DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.21275/SR25402105309
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