Hydrochemical Assessment of Ground Water of Springs (Bowlis) of Udhampur District; J&K; India

Pragya Khanna

Abstract: The ground water quality of springs (bowlis) in Udhampur District; Jammu; J & K; India has been assessed to see the suitability of ground water for domestic applications. The various parameters analyzed were pH; Electrical conductivity (EC) ; Carbonate (CO32-) ; Bicarbonate (HCO3-) ; Chloride (Cl-) ; Sulphate (SO4-2) ; Nitrate (NO3-) ; Fluoride (F-) ; Calcium (Ca2+) ; Magnesium (Mg2+) ; Sodium (Na+) ; Potassium (K+) ; Iron (Fe) and Total hardness (TH). The water samples were collected from 17 different springs (Bowlis) during the pre-monsoon period (Mar.2014 to May 2014). The results were compared with standard values of drinking water prescribed by IS: 10500; BIS and WHO. To analyse the data with statistical point of view the statistical parameters like Mean; Range; Standard deviation; coefficient of variation; correlation coefficient; Kurtosis; Skewness were systematically calculated for each parameter. Also; Single factor Anova tables; Piper Diagram and Schoeller graph were prepared to signify the major results. Also; an account has been prepared to analyze the factors like Sum of Anions (meq/l) ; Sum of Cations (meq/l) ; calculated TDS (mg/l) ; Dissolved Minerals (mg/l) like Halite (NaCl) ; Sylvite (KCl) ; Carbonate (CaCO3) ; Dolomite (CaMg (CO3) 2) ; Anhydrite (CaSO4) ; permanent hardness; temporary hardness and alkalinity.

Keywords: Springs, Bowli, Groundwater, Physico-chemical parameters, water quality standards, Statistical Analysis

How to Cite?: Pragya Khanna, "Hydrochemical Assessment of Ground Water of Springs (Bowlis) of Udhampur District; J&K; India", Volume 3 Issue 6, June 2014, International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Pages: 1313-1321, https://www.ijsr.net/getabstract.php?paperid=15061401, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.21275/15061401

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