Correlation of Serum Electrolytes with Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) in Acute Exacerbation COPD Patients

Raashika Saxena, Arvind Kumar Gupta

Abstract: Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease characterized by airflow limitation. Acute Exacerbation (AE) COPD is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a significant impact on patient?s respiratory and metabolic status. Serum electrolytes and arterial blood (ABG) analysis are essential in managing COPD patients. Objectives: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the correlation between serum electrolytes and ABG in acute exacerbation COPD (AECOPD) patients. These correlations can help clinicians in better managing AECOPD patients, as disturbances in electrolyte balance and acid ? base homeostasis are often seen in this condition. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted was conducted with a cohort of AECOPD patients. A total number of 90 COPD patients were enrolled in this study. Serum electrolytes (Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Ionized Calcium and Magnesium) and ABG parameters (pH, pO2, pCO2, SO2, Hct and HCO3) were measured. Correlation analysis was performed using Pearson?s correlation coefficient. Results: A strong positive relations was found between potassium and pCO2 (r = 0.55, p < 0.001) that indicates the pCO2 level rises along with increase in the potassium levels that was seen in respiratory acidosis. Ionized Calcium and SO2 showed a positive correlation (r = 0.42, p < 0.0002) that was also linked with acidosis. A weak but significant positive correlation was found between magnesium and pO2 (r = 0.33, p < 0.012) which suggests that magnesium may play a role in oxygenation in AECOPD patients. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant correlations between serum electrolytes and ABG parameters in AECOPD patients.

Keywords: COPD, AECOPD, Hyponatremia, Hypokalemia, Electrolyte imbalance