A Case Report of Fundus Changes in Preeclampsia

Dr. Ganesh Sathyamurthy, Dr. Amulya P., Dr. Gogula Mounika Kumari, Dr. Monisha Chowdary

Abstract: Purpose: To report a case of fundus changes in preeclampsia. Method: A 30 year old pregnant female came with complaints of blurring of vision in both eyes. Detailed examination including history, visual acuity, anterior segment examination (ASE), fundus examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were recorded. Result: A 30 year old G2P1L1 came with complaints of blurring of vision in both eyes since 1week, with a blood pressure of 200/120mmhg. Emergency LSCS was performed. Visual acuity was reduced and dilated fundoscopy showed multiple cotton wool spots in both eyes while OCT showed macular edema. Patient was followed up for 6weeks during the course of which, the visual acuity, fundus and OCT showed improvement, while the blood pressure was under control. Conclusion: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were classified into pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, gestational hypertension, chronic hypertension and chronic hypertension with superimposed pre-eclampsia. Arteriolar narrowing, exudates and macular edema are few features and serous retinal detachment is the rare complication. Routine fundus examination after the diagnosis of preeclampsia is essential for monitoring of changes in retinal vasculature and in turn fetal vasculature.

Keywords: pregnancy induced hypertension, preeclampsia, hypertensive retinopathy, macular edema, serous retinal detachment